Choose data structures that optimize for your access patterns and computational complexity requirements. When you need frequent membership testing or existence checking, prefer Set over Array to achieve O(1) lookup complexity instead of O(n) linear scanning.

Key optimizations to consider:

Example transformation:

# Instead of O(n) array scanning:
HUMANIZED_ACRONYMS_HASH = HUMANIZED_ACRONYMS.map { |a| [a, true] }.to_h.freeze

# Use O(1) Set operations:
HUMANIZED_ACRONYMS_SET = HUMANIZED_ACRONYMS.to_set.freeze

For existence checking with conditional insertion:

# Instead of separate check and add:
next if existing_moderation_groups.include?([category_id, group_id])
existing_moderation_groups.add([category_id, group_id])

# Use Set's efficient add? method:
next unless existing_moderation_groups.add?([category_id, group_id])

This approach reduces algorithmic complexity and improves performance, especially as data sets grow larger.