When designing concurrent systems, implement comprehensive safety patterns that handle resource lifecycle management, race conditions, and proper cleanup mechanisms. This includes setting resource limits to prevent exhaustion, implementing timeout-based cleanup for idle resources, and handling database race conditions with proper rollback and retry logic.

Key patterns to implement:

  1. Resource Lifecycle Management: Use structured cleanup with limits and timeouts
    class ResourceManager:
     def __init__(self):
         self.resources_by_key = {}  # Group resources by identity
         self._cleanup_task = asyncio.create_task(self._periodic_cleanup())
        
     async def _periodic_cleanup(self):
         """Periodically clean up idle resources."""
         while True:
             await asyncio.sleep(CLEANUP_INTERVAL)
             await self._cleanup_idle_resources()
        
     async def get_resource(self, key, params):
         # Check limits before creating new resources
         if len(self.resources_by_key.get(key, {})) >= MAX_RESOURCES_PER_KEY:
             # Remove oldest resource
             await self._cleanup_oldest_resource(key)
    
  2. Race Condition Handling: Implement proper exception handling with rollback and retry
    async def create_resource(name, session):
     try:
         # Check if resource exists
         existing = await get_resource_by_name(name, session)
         if existing:
             return existing
            
         # Create new resource
         resource = Resource(name=name)
         session.add(resource)
         await session.commit()
         return resource
     except IntegrityError:
         # Handle race condition - another worker created it
         await session.rollback()
         existing = await get_resource_by_name(name, session)
         if existing:
             return existing
         raise  # Re-raise if no resource found after rollback
    
  3. Test Concurrent Scenarios: Use asyncio.gather() to test real concurrent behavior
    @pytest.mark.asyncio
    async def test_concurrent_resource_creation():
     """Test multiple concurrent calls handle race conditions properly."""
     tasks = [
         create_resource("shared_name", session1),
         create_resource("shared_name", session2)
     ]
     results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
     # Verify both succeed or handle conflicts gracefully
    

Always consider the impact of automatic resource cleanup on user experience and provide clear boundaries for resource limits to prevent unexpected behavior disruptions.