Adopt a “cache correctness” checklist for all in-memory/DB caches:

1) Explicit bypass must be honored

• If the caller passes a disable value (commonly ttlMs === 0), bypass both lookup and inflight coalescing. Don’t treat 0 as “use default TTL”.

2) Never poison future caching on failure

• When the cached mechanism becomes invalid (e.g., a limiter instance after repeated 429), evict/disconnect so future calls lazily create a fresh instance.
• Avoid permanently stopping/poisoning objects that remain referenced by in-flight work.

3) Guard correctness against changing upstream state

• Use generation/epoch guards and clear/bump generations on relevant writes.
• Keep caches bounded (max size) and add TTL/staleness policies aligned to refresh cadence.
• Provide test reset hooks for any module-level cache that depends on mutable external state.

Example patterns:

// (1) Honor ttlMs=0 bypass (also ensure defaulting doesn’t override 0) async function getOrCoalesce(ttlMs: number, fetchFn: () => Promise) { if (ttlMs <= 0) { const data = await fetchFn(); return { data, cached: false }; } // ... normal cache lookup + inflight coalescing }

// (2) Evict rather than stop/poison function onRateLimited429(/* … */) { // evict so future getLimiter() creates a new instance // DO NOT call stop() if it would permanently reject future scheduling }

// (3) Generation-guarded, bounded cache const MAX = 100; let gen = 0; const cache = new Map<string, { generation: number; value: string }>();

function onWriteThatAffectsCache() { gen++; cache.clear(); }

function get(key: string): string | null { const entry = cache.get(key); if (!entry || entry.generation !== gen) return null; return entry.value; }

function set(key: string, value: string) { if (cache.size >= MAX) cache.delete(cache.keys().next().value); cache.set(key, { generation: gen, value }); }

Rule of thumb: every cache needs (a) explicit bypass semantics, (b) safe invalidation/eviction, and (c) a correctness strategy for when upstream data changes (generation/TTL + bounded size + test reset).