Prefer modern Java language features and constructs to write more concise, readable code. Since Apache Spark 4.0.0, the project recommends using contemporary Java syntax where applicable.

Key practices:

Use switch expressions (JEP-361) instead of traditional switch statements for cleaner, more compact code
Use Java records for simple data structures instead of classes with boilerplate code
Leverage pattern matching and other modern language features when appropriate

Examples:

Switch expressions - Replace verbose switch statements:

// Instead of:
BloomFilter result;
switch (version) {
  case 1:
    result = BloomFilterImpl.readFrom(bin);
    break;
  case 2:
    result = BloomFilterImplV2.readFrom(bin);
    break;
  default:
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown BloomFilter version: " + version);
}
return result;

// Use:
return switch (version) {
  case 1 -> BloomFilterImpl.readFrom(bin);
  case 2 -> BloomFilterImplV2.readFrom(bin);
  default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown BloomFilter version: " + version);
};

Records for data structures - Use records instead of classes for simple data holders:

// Instead of a class with boilerplate:
public final class JoinColumn implements NamedReference {
  // constructor, getters, equals, hashCode, toString...
}

// Use a record:
public record JoinColumn(...) implements NamedReference {
  // automatic constructor, getters, equals, hashCode, toString
}

This approach reduces boilerplate code, improves readability, and takes advantage of language improvements that make code more maintainable.

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