Avoid unnecessary reference counting operations that can impact performance, especially in frequently called code paths. Use move semantics, appropriate pointer types, and efficient parameter passing to reduce AddRef/Release churn.

Key strategies:

  1. Use raw pointers when lifetime is guaranteed: Replace std::shared_ptr with raw pointers when the object lifetime is managed by a parent that outlives the consumer
  2. Prefer move semantics for WinRT types: Take WinRT parameters by value and use std::move when assigning to members to avoid extra AddRef/Release cycles
  3. Avoid expensive WinRT collections: Use standard containers like std::vector internally and wrap with winrt::multi_threaded_vector only when needed for WinRT interfaces

Example transformations:

// Before: Unnecessary shared_ptr overhead
void Constructor(const std::shared_ptr<Cache>& cache) : _cache(cache) {}

// After: Raw pointer when lifetime is guaranteed
void Constructor(Cache* cache) : _cache(cache) {}

// Before: Extra AddRef/Release on assignment  
Constructor(const IVector<T>& items) : _items(items) {}

// After: Move to avoid reference count churn
Constructor(IVector<T> items) : _items(std::move(items)) {}

This optimization is particularly important for frequently instantiated objects and hot code paths where reference counting overhead can accumulate significantly.