Always use safe patterns when working with optional, nullable, or potentially empty types. Avoid direct comparisons with optional values and ensure proper initialization of nullable members.

Key practices:

Example of unsafe vs safe optional handling:

// Unsafe - direct comparison with optional
if (modernValue == 1u) // optional<uint32_t> != uint32_t comparison

// Safe - use value_or for truthy check
if (modernValue.value_or(0) != 0)

// Unsafe - assuming non-null without check
theme.Pane().ActiveBorderColor() // crashes if Pane() returns null

// Safe - null check with ternary
const auto paneActiveBorderColor = theme.Pane() ? theme.Pane().ActiveBorderColor() : nullptr;

This prevents crashes from null dereferences, undefined behavior from uninitialized members, and logic errors from improper optional comparisons.