Always validate values and short-circuit on errors; guard uses of possibly nil/empty values while avoiding redundant checks when types guarantee non-nil.

Motivation:

• Prevent nil-pointer dereferences and logic bugs by validating inputs and return early on errors.
• Only add nil checks where the value may be absent/untrusted; don’t clutter code with checks that duplicate the type/API contract.
• Prefer correct, non-indirected types (e.g., []byte) to reduce nil-handling complexity.

Practices to follow:

• Validate external/untrusted inputs and parse results before use and return early on error. Example: check parse errors and avoid using a possibly nil value:

  // wrong: may deref newPk when parsing failed newPk, rtnErr := EvalMetaCommand(ctxWithHistory, pk) if rtnErr == nil { update, rtnErr = HandleCommand(ctxWithHistory, newPk) }

  // correct: short-circuit on error newPk, rtnErr := EvalMetaCommand(ctxWithHistory, pk) if rtnErr != nil { return nil, rtnErr } update, rtnErr = HandleCommand(ctxWithHistory, newPk)

• Guard resource operations that may be nil (files, sockets, interfaces) before calling methods like Close. Example:

  defer func() { for _, extraFile := range cw.Cmd.ExtraFiles { if extraFile != nil { extraFile.Close() } } }()

• Validate numeric/string inputs (use helpers) to enforce expected ranges and avoid later checks: Example: use a helper for positive integers

  idx, err := resolvePosInt(newScreenIdxStr, 1) if err != nil { return nil, err }

• Prefer using slices directly instead of pointers to slices; a nil slice expresses absence without extra indirection. Example: use sudoPw []byte instead of sudoPw *[]byte

• Do not add nil checks when the API/type guarantees non-nil; rely on that contract to keep code clear. If the contract changes or is unclear, update the type or document it rather than peppering checks.

When in doubt, ask: is the value coming from external/untrusted input or can it legitimately be nil? If external or ambiguous: validate and short-circuit. If internal and the type guarantees non-nil: omit redundant checks.

References: discussions [0,2,3,4,5,1]