Motivation: avoid large, unnecessary memory allocations and excessive decoding or retention of full data sets. For parsing, logs, or history, operate on raw bytes or streams and read only the portion you need. For long-lived state, avoid keeping full large objects in memory—cap, page, or store lightweight references.

How to apply:

Why this improves performance: reduces peak memory usage, lowers GC pressure, and often speeds up operations by avoiding expensive encodings and unnecessary data copies. Follow this rule when designing parsers, log readers, and history/state storage to prevent scalability bottlenecks.