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When an async flow “resolves” shared state (answers a question, updates UI/model state, applies attach/detach replies, forwards terminal input, writes checkpoint hashes, etc.), treat concurrency as a first-class contract:

1) Claim synchronously before awaiting

• The moment you decide “this async operation owns the outcome,” update the owning state/flag immediately—before any await—so a second submission can’t also “win” the same race.

2) Validate staleness with generation/version tokens after awaits

• Attach a generation/attemptId/boundId/reasonVersion to the operation.
• After every await (or in finally boundaries where appropriate), check that the operation is still the current owner before applying results.

3) Avoid stacking handlers across retries

• Register event listeners exactly once per resource, and route through tab/session state that is updated on spawn/start/exit. Retries should not add duplicate handlers.

Example pattern (claim + generation):

let pendingResolve: ((text: string) => void) | undefined;
let claimToken = 0;

async function resolvePending(prompt: string | undefined, deliver?: () => Promise<void>) {
  const resolve = pendingResolve;
  if (!resolve) return false;

  // Claim synchronously.
  const token = ++claimToken;
  pendingResolve = undefined;

  const text = prompt ?? "";
  if (deliver) {
    await deliver();
    if (token !== claimToken) return true; // still safe to return/route, but don’t apply/echo.
  }

  resolve(text);
  return true;
}

Apply these rules in your codebase for: pending-question resolution, bind/unbind of UI plugin slots, polling + forced refresh, terminal/session spawn/retry forwarding, checkpoint/hash writes that downstream UI depends on immediately, and cancellation-aware retries. The goal is: no stale callback can apply to current state, and no two concurrent operations can both claim the same ownership.

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