Ensure thread-safe access to shared state by using appropriate synchronization mechanisms and atomic operations. Avoid race conditions by: 1. Using atomic operations or locks when modifying shared state 2. Acquiring locks in a consistent order to prevent deadlocks 3. Ensuring state consistency during async operations 4. Properly handling cleanup of async resources Example of unsafe code: ```typescript class StateManager { private cachedInfo: ModelInfo | null = null; async getInfo() { if (!this.cachedInfo) { // Race condition: multiple threads might pass this check this.cachedInfo = await fetchModelInfo(); // Multiple simultaneous fetches possible } return this.cachedInfo; } } ``` Safe version: ```typescript class StateManager { private cachedInfo: ModelInfo | null = null; private fetchPromise: Promise | null = null; async getInfo() { if (this.fetchPromise) { return this.fetchPromise; // Reuse in-flight request } if (!this.cachedInfo) { this.fetchPromise = fetchModelInfo(); try { this.cachedInfo = await this.fetchPromise; } finally { this.fetchPromise = null; // Clear promise reference } } return this.cachedInfo; } } ``` This pattern prevents multiple simultaneous fetches, handles errors gracefully, and maintains state consistency across async operations.