Identify and eliminate repeated expensive operations to improve performance. Look for opportunities to cache results, avoid duplicate computations, and minimize unnecessary work. Key strategies: - **Memoize expensive operations**: Cache results of file reads, hash computations, and API responses that are called multiple times - **Avoid redundant parsing**: Don't parse the same data multiple times; use simple checks like `item.startsWith('[')` before expensive operations like `JSON.parse()` - **Skip unnecessary operations**: Check if work is actually needed before performing it (e.g., check if ECR repository exists before attempting removal) - **Use efficient file operations**: Prefer moving files over copying when working with temporary directories Example of memoization: ```javascript // Before: Reading package.json multiple times const packageJson = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('package.json')); // After: Memoize the operation this._readPackageJson = _.memoize(this._readPackageJson.bind(this)); ``` Example of avoiding redundant parsing: ```javascript // Before: JSON.parse in both filter and map .filter((item) => item !== '' && Array.isArray(JSON.parse(item))) .map((item) => JSON.parse(item)) // After: Simple check first, parse once .filter((item) => item.startsWith('[')) .map((item) => JSON.parse(item)) ``` This approach reduces CPU usage, memory allocation, and I/O operations, leading to faster execution times and better resource utilization.